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Archbishopric of Bremen
The Archdiocese of Bremen (also ''Archdiocese of Hamburg-Bremen'', (ドイツ語:Erzbistum Bremen), not to be confused with the modern Archdiocese of Hamburg, founded in 1994) was a historical Roman Catholic diocese (787–1566/1648) and formed from 1180 to 1648 an ecclesiastical state (continued under other names until 1823), named Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen ((ドイツ語:Erzstift Bremen)) within the Holy Roman Empire. The prince-archbishopric consisted of about a third of the diocesan territory. The city of Bremen was ''de facto'' (since 1186) and ''de jure'' (since 1646) not part of the prince-archbishopric but belonged to the archdiocese. Most of the prince-archbishopric lay rather in the area to the north of the ''city of Bremen'', between the Weser and Elbe rivers. Even more confusingly, parts of the prince-archbishopric belonged in religious respect to the neighbouring ''diocese of Verden'', making up 10% of its diocesan territory.
Verden ((:ˈfeːɐ̯dən)) itself had a double identity too—as the diocese of Verden ((ドイツ語:Bistum Verden)) and the Prince-Bishopric of Verden ((ドイツ語:Hochstift Verden)). Each prince-bishopric had the status of an Imperial Estate ((ドイツ語:Reichsstand), plural: ''ドイツ語:Reichsstände''), each of which were represented in the Diet ((ドイツ語:Reichstag)) of the Holy Roman Empire. From 1500 on the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen belonged to the Saxon Circle (later the ''Lower Saxon Circle''; (ドイツ語:Sächsischer) or, later. ''ドイツ語:Niedersächsischer Kreis''), an administrative substructure of the Empire. The ''Prince-Bishopric of Verden'', on the other hand, belonged to the Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle ((ドイツ語:Niederrheinisch-Westfälischer Kreis), colloquially ''Westphalian Circle'') and sent its own representative to the ''Diet''. Even when the two prince-bishoprics were ruled in personal union, in order to maintain the two seats in the Diet they were never formally united in a real union. The same is true for the collectively governed Duchies of Bremen and Verden ((ドイツ語:Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden) colloquially, but ''ドイツ語:Herzogtum Bremen und Fürstentum Verden'' formally) which emerged in 1648 from the secularised two prince-bishoprics.
==History==
In the different historical struggles for expansion of territory or privileges and the concerned and disfavoured entity’s defence against such annexation or usurpation, plenty of documents have been completely forged or counterfeited or backdated, in order to corroborate one’s arguments. "These forgeries have drawn a veil before the early history of the (of ) Hamburg-Bremen."〔The original quotation: «Diese Fälschungen haben einen Schleier vor die Frühgeschichte Hamburg-Bremens gezogen.» Heinz-Joachim Schulze, "Geschichte der Geschichtsschreibung zwischen Elbe und Weser vom Mittelalter bis zum Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts", in: see references for bibliographical details, vol. II 'Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte)': pp. 1–21, here p. 6. ISBN 3-9801919-8-2. Addition in edged brackets not in the original.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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